5The Disorganized Student
 

 


Cause/Effect Essay Format

This format is an analytical format. When a writer analyzes causes, he is working to understand the relationship of events that brought about an outcome. When he analyzes effects, he considers the results of some action. The relationships between events are causal (a stimulus causes a response); they may or may not be chronological. Usually a cause-and-effect analysis essay can only deal effectively with one or the other, causes or effects. There are three main types.

 
1. An essay that shows multiple causes having one effect

A. Factors--causes that are not related to each other

  • Order of familiarity (obvious to less obvious)

  • Order of interest (less interesting to more interesting)

  • Order of importance (most important always goes last)

 B. Related causes
  •   Immediate causes (direct)

  •   Remote causes (indirect)

2. An essay that shows how one cause can have multiple effects

A. Effects that are not related to each other (organize by order of importance)

B. Related effects (organize immediate to remote)

3. The causal chain, or domino effect (useful for explaining one of the causes in a multiple cause essay or in science to analyze various kinds of cycles)

Key Idea
The thesis statement in a cause/effect essay does not have to be persuasive.

Possible Topics: 

Multiple causes—one effect

1. The causes of the fall of the Roman Empire  

2. Why college students smoke (or drink alcohol)  

3. Global warming

One cause—multiple effects

1. Every family has problems (a member is unemployed, disabled, depressed, alcohol or drug dependent, angry, etc.). Discuss the effects of a family member's problem on a (your?) family.

2. Discuss the effects of a political or social change.

3. Discuss the effects of the fall of the Roman Empire. Select an idiosyncrasy or a bad habit of a family member or friend; why does she or he have that peculiarity? Or, what effect does that have?

Causal chain

1. Selecting King College

2. Procrastination

3. "I chose the road less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." (Robert Frost)

 

 

 
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© 1999, 2000, 2002 Virginia Bower (Mars Hill College), Charlene Kiser (Milligan College), Kim McMurtry (Montreat College), Ellen Millsaps (Carson-Newman College), Katherine Vande Brake (King College). All rights reserved. This manual was made possible by a Culpeper grant from the Appalachian College Association; click here for information. If you encounter difficulties with these web pages, please notify kmcmurtry@montreat.edu.